In continuation of my previous column, this week I turn my focus the the pressing issue of carbon emissions — a cornerstone of sustainability efforts.
Ports, as pivotal nodes in global trade and hubs of economic and logistical activity, are significant contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, originating from various operational and supply chain activities.
Understandably, the three primary categories of port emissions: Scope 1 (direct emissions), Scope 2 (indirect emissions from purchased energy), and Scope 3 (indirect emissions across the value chain).
Scope 1 emissions, encompassing all direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from sources owned or controlled by ports, represent a substantial component of their environmental footprint. These emissions arise from fuel combustion in port-owned vehicles, machinery and equipment, including diesel-powered cranes, forklifts, terminal tractors and harbor vessels.
The primary challenges in managing Scope 1 emissions stem from heavy reliance on fossil fuels to power port operations and the high emissions generated by port-owned transport fleets. Mitigating these challenges requires the adoption of targeted strategies.
One effective approach is fleet electrification, which involves transitioning diesel-powered vehicles and equipment to electric alternatives, such as electric forklifts, cranes, and cargo-handling machinery. This shift not only reduces emissions but also improves operational efficiency. In cases where full electrification is not yet practical, ports can explore cleaner fuel options, such as biodiesel or hydrogen. Additionally, optimizing equipment usage through improved scheduling and regular maintenance can further reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
Another impactful measure is the implementation of onshore power supply (OPS) systems, which allow ships to connect to shore power while docked, significantly reducing emissions from auxiliary engines during their stay at port.
Scope 2 emissions encompass indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated from the production of purchased electricity, heat, or steam used by ports. These emissions are largely driven by electricity consumption for energy-intensive activities such as lighting, cooling and powering electrified systems.
The main challenges include reliance on grid electricity, which is often sourced from fossil fuels, and the high energy demands of warehouses, terminals, and administrative buildings.
Mitigation strategies for Scope 2 emissions focus on transitioning to renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency. Ports can install solar panels on rooftops of warehouses and administrative buildings or on unused port land to produce clean, onsite energy.
Upgrading to energy-efficient technologies, such as LED lighting, advanced HVAC systems, and smart building solutions, can significantly lower electricity usage.
For ports where onsite renewable energy generation is not feasible, sourcing electricity from renewable energy providers ensures a cleaner energy mix. Additionally, integrating smart grid systems allows for real-time energy monitoring and optimization, enhancing efficiency and aligning consumption with sustainable practices.
Scope 3 emissions, which include all other indirect emissions throughout the port’s value chain, present unique challenges due to their complexity and the limited control ports have over these activities. These emissions stem from various sources, such as equipment manufacturing, transportation by third-party logistics providers, and the carbon footprint of port users, including shipping companies. The variability and fragmented nature of supply chain emissions data further complicate efforts to manage them effectively.
To mitigate Scope 3 emissions, ports can focus on fostering collaboration with stakeholders, including shipping lines, freight forwarders, and suppliers, to promote sustainable practices such as using energy-efficient ships and low-carbon fuels. Offering incentives for compliance can encourage the adoption of these greener measures.
Sustainable procurement policies also play a crucial role by prioritizing suppliers with strong sustainability credentials and low-carbon production methods. Additionally, developing port infrastructure to support green shipping initiatives —such as LNG bunkering facilities and electric charging points for ships and vehicles — enables environmentally friendly operations.
For emissions that cannot be avoided, ports can invest in verified carbon offset projects, such as reforestation or renewable energy initiatives, ensuring a balanced and comprehensive approach to managing their Scope 3 carbon footprint.
An effective decarbonization strategy demands a comprehensive approach that embeds sustainability into the foundation of port operations.
This involves setting clear and measurable sustainability targets, implementing transparent emissions reporting systems, encouraging innovation in green technologies and practices, and cultivating robust partnerships with stakeholders.
The advantages of pursuing decarbonization extend beyond environmental benefits. They include ensuring regulatory compliance, boosting operational efficiency, strengthening stakeholder trust, and gaining a competitive edge in the industry.
Malaysia’s dedication to reducing emissions reflects its alignment with global efforts to address climate change, particularly through its commitment to lowering carbon intensity under the Paris Agreement.
This initiative plays a crucial role in safeguarding ecosystems, preserving air quality, and protecting marine life in Sabah and beyond. Globally, governments, including Malaysia, are enforcing stricter environmental regulations targeting ports and the shipping industry. Adopting a proactive stance on carbon management not only ensures regulatory compliance but also helps mitigate the risk of costly penalties.
Decarbonizing ports is not merely an environmental responsibility; it is a strategic imperative for long-term success. By embracing renewable energy, optimizing operations, and fostering strong collaborations, ports can position themselves as leaders in environmental stewardship, shaping a sustainable and prosperous future for the global shipping industry.
Reference : https://www.theborneopost.com/2024/12/28/decarbonizing-ports-a-path-to-sustainability/